General Science for Grade 8th ( Complete Solution )
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board Peshawar || National Science Foundation Islamabad 
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COMPLETE SOLUTION By:

 Mr. Ayaz Raj (MCS + B.ed)


Author:

Prof. Muhammad Iqtedar-ud-din

Mr. Sajjid Ali Shah

Mr. Aamir Ullah Khan

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Unit – 1 ECOLOGY

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

i)             What are the major causes of pollution?

Ans:          The major causes of pollution are:

1.    Harmful gases and dust from factories.

2.    Pollution from power stations and automobiles.

3.    Sewage from Urban Areas.

4.    Use of Plastic.

5.    Air and water pollution has badly affected all forms of life.

 

ii)            Differentiate between primary and secondary consumers?

Ans:         

Primary Consumers

Secondary Consumers

Herbivores are primary consumers as they feed on green plants.

For example: Caterpillars, Insects, Grasshoppers and Humming birds etc.

Carnivores are secondary consumers as they feed on other animals.

For example: Dogs, Cats, Owls, Snakes, and Birds etc.

 

iii)           What is mutualism? Give some examples.

Ans:          Mutualism:

                                          Interaction in which both members get benefit is called mutualism.

For Example:

Some bacteria live in intestine of man. They get food and provide us with some vitamins.

 

iv)           Enlist the ways to control the air pollution?

Ans:          Ways to control the air pollution are:

1.    The use of Wind Power Stations is replacing coal.

2.    The use of Solar Energy is replacing oil power.

3.    Electrical Vehicles are becoming popular day by day.

4.    The shift on clean energy sources will help reduce air pollution.

 

v)            Why sewage water must be treated before releasing it into stream?

Ans:          Sewage water must be treated before releasing it into stream to control water                     pollution.

 

vi)           How can you grow plants of warm areas in a region with low environmental temperature?

        Ans:    Plants of warm area can grow in low environmental temperature by Greenhouse.


Q.C     Long Questions

 

1.    Explain carbon cycle and find the reason for the gradual increase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere.

Ans:          Carbon is constantly being removed from and released into the environment, in the form of carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is 0.04%.

Plants absorb this carbon dioxide to prepare their organic food by the process of photosynthesis. Animals gain carbon in the form of organic compounds when they feed on plants or other animals. The respiration process in both animals and plants releases carbon dioxide back to the environment.

Animal and plant bodies buried under earth crust were converted into fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. The combustion of fossil fuels in factories, automobiles and houses is adding up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rapidly.

 

2.    How positive activities of human can help to restore an ecosystem.

Ans:          To save our planet and diverse ecosystems, a number of steps are being taken:

1.    Plantation of trees where already existing forest has been destroyed by some cause.

2.    Plantation of forest on land where there was no forest before.

3.    Take complete control on Harmful gases and dust from factories.

4.    Proper Sewage System in urban areas.

5.    Less use of plastic are key steps to control water pollution.

6.    The use of Wind Power Stations is replacing coal.

7.    The use of Solar Energy is replacing oil power.

8.    Electrical Vehicles are becoming popular day by day.

9.    The shift on clean energy sources will help reduce air pollution.

10. Government, NGOs, local communities and individuals work together to contribute towards growing the population of endangered species.

 

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Q.D     Structured response questions


 

1.    Blind Indus dolphin is endemic to river Indus. It is an endangered species of water animal in Pakistan.

 

a.    Enlist the factors which lead to the threat of extinction of Indus dolphin.

Ans:    The main threats to blind Indus dolphin include contaminated water. Illegal fishing and intensive agricultural practice.

 

b.    What is the present status of this mammal?

Ans:    According to WWF, the population this mammal has increased from 1300 to 1800. That is good.

 

c.    Suggest the steps to help conservation of Indus dolphin.

Ans:    By helping to minimize water population, introducing sustainable fishing method, and creating awareness of the importance of dolphin.

 


2.    Most of the island of Maldives are less than one meter above the sea level.

 

a.    What could be the effect of global warming on such island across the globe?

Ans:    It can cause the loss of the entire land area of Maldives.

 

b.    Suggest the ways to save coastal cities from flooding or being submerged.

            Ans:    By making seawalls, sloppy structures on banks and cliffs.

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Unit – 2 HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

i)             Name three types of neurons and give their functions.

Ans:          Three types of neurons are: Sensory Neuron, Motor Neuron, Inter neuron.

1.    Sensory Neuron: It transmits nerve impulses from sense organ (ear, eye, skin, tongue, and nose) to the central nervous system.

2.    Motor Neuron: It transmits nerve impulses away from central nervous system to effectors (Muscles and glands).

3.    Inter Neuron: Inter neurons are parents in brain and spinal cord. They form a link between Sensory and Motor Neurons.

 

ii)            Which receptors and effectors are involved in the reflex actions of:

(a) Blinking of eyes in light spark.      (b) Withdrawal of hand on touching hot object.

Ans:          (a)       Blinking of eyes in light spark:

                                                                 

Receptors

Effectors

Eyes

Muscles in the eyes

 

      (b)       Withdrawal of hand on touching hot object:

 

Receptors

Effectors

skin

Arm muscle

                 

iii)           What is the significance of peripheral nervous system?

Ans:    It is a system which consists of a network of nerves, which link different body parts with the brain.

            It consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which emerge from the brain and mainly serve the head and neck.

            It also contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which branch off from the spinal cord and             reach the rest of the human body.

 

iv)             Differentiate between receptors and effectors.

Ans:         

Receptors

Effectors

Sense organs or cells which receive stimulus are called receptors. Example: eyes, nose etc.

A muscle, gland or organ capable of responding to a stimulus is called effector.

 

v)            What is the significance of inter neurons?

Ans:    Inter neurons are parents in brain and spinal cord. They form a link between Sensory and Motor Neurons. They analyze the message for proper responses.

 

Q.C     Long questions

 

1.    Give the structure of human brain and roles of different parts of brain.

Ans:          The most important organ in body that control all the actions and processes occurring within the body. Brain is protected in human skull called cranium. An adult human brain weights about three pounds and consists of billions of neurons.

It is divided into three main parts. Fore brain, mid brain and Hind brain.

                 

1.    Forebrain:           It is the largest part of the brain and further divided into three main parts cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.

 

a.    Cerebrum:          It is the largest part of brain. Human cerebrum is the most advance in all animals. It is divided into right and left hemisphere. Cerebrum is the site of conscious (our sense of self), memory, intelligence, learning, reasoning, personality, emotions and 'will'.

b.    Thalamus:          It plays critical role in the processing of perception. It receives sensory information from the receptor organs and sends them to the specific part of cerebrum.

c.    Hypothalamus:             It regulates body temperature, appetite, water balance and blood pressure. It has Centre’s to control mood and emotions, such as aggression, rage, fear and pleasure.

 

2.    Midbrain:             It is the center part of the brain. It serves as a link between forebrain and hind brain. It also controls the reflex movements of eye muscles.

 

3.    Hindbrain:          It consists of cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.

 

a.    Cerebellum:       It concerned with the control and precision of all movements involving voluntary muscles.

b.    Pons:       It is a bridge between cerebellum and other parts of brain.

c.    Medulla oblongata:      It controls involuntary activities like heart rate, breathing rate, and swallowing, vomiting, salivation, coughing and sneezing.

 2.    Differentiate between reflex arc and reflex action and explain the pathway followed by nerve impulse in a reflex arc.

Ans:         

Reflex Arc

Reflex Action

Reflex arc is a pathway on which nerve impulse travels from receptor to the effector.

A sudden response to a specific stimulus without conscious control is called a reflex action. Example is quick pulling the hand just touching the hot object

 

Pathway of nerve impulse in reflex arc is as under:

1.    Sense organ (receptor).

2.    Sensory neuron.

3.    Interneuron (in CNS).

4.    Motor neuron. 

5.   Effector (muscle or gland)

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Q.D     Structured questions

 

1.    Medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain collectively form brain stem.

a.    Look at the functions controlled by these parts and suggest what will happen if brain stem dies?

Ans:    If brain stem dies, it will cause brain death. The person will never be able to breath without ventilator.

 b.    What will happen if connection between cerebellum and brain stem is damaged in an accident?

Ans:    It can result in paralysis, coma, and lack of motor function or death.

 

2.    Humans have largest cerebrum than any other animal.

         a.    Why is it so much convoluted?

Ans:    These convolution allow a large surface area of brain to fit inside out skulls because of this shape, our brain can have billions of neurons in our small head.

         b.    Give the advantages of having large cerebrum.

Ans:    Large cerebrum can store a lot of information. It brings better cognitive performance.

 c.    Enlist the roles of cerebrum.

            Ans:    It can concern with memory, conscious, intelligence, learning, reasoning, and emotions.

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Unit – 3 VARIATION, HERITIDY, AND CELL DIVISION

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

1.    Why is meiosis important in organisms that reproduced sexually?

Ans:          Meiosis is a reduction division which reduces number of chromosomes to half in gametes. It is necessary to maintain the number of chromosomes in next generation produced through sexual reproduction.

 

2.    State the importance of mitosis in human life.

Ans:          In mitosis a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Both daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as in the parent cell. Growth, development, healing of wounds, regeneration and asexual reproduction take place through mitoses.

 

3.    What is the significance of spindle fibers in cell division?

Ans:          Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nucleus division: mitosis and meiosis.

 

4.    You never see frogs, snakes and lizards during extreme winter as they hibernate. What type of adaptation is it? Explain.

Ans:          Hibernation is a behavioral adaptation.

 

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

1.    What are variations? Give different causes of variations.

Ans:          Variation:      Differences among the members in same species is called variation.

                  Different causes of variations:

                        In sexual reproduction reproducing organism’s genetic variations are caused by crossing over and mutations.

Environmental factors which cause variations include are diet, temperature, and humidity.

Some variations have few distinct forms and are called discontinuous variations like free or attached ear lobes and blood group.

 2.    Describe the process of mitosis in detail.

Ans:          The process of mitosis can be divided into two main stages.

1.    Karyokinesis

2.    Cyto Kinesis

 

1.    Karyokinesis:

Karyon = Nucleus

Kinesis = Movement / Division

                        Phase:

1.    Prophase.

2.    Metaphase.

3.    Anaphase.

4.    Telephase.

 

1.    Prophase:

It is the first stage of Karyokinesis. At this stage the chromosomes become visible. Centriole starts moving to opposite poles. Nuclear membrane and nuclei become to disappear. Spindle fiber formation starts at his stage.

2.    Metaphase:

It is the second stage of mitosis. At this stage all chromosomes are align in the center of the cell.

3.    Anaphase:

It is the third stage of mitosis. At this stage each centromere splits. The separated chromatids move to their poles.

4.    Telophase:

It is the fourth stage of mitosis. At this stage chromosomes uncoil and disappear.

 

2.    Cyto Kinesis:

Cyto = Cytoplasm / Cell

Kineins = Splitting.

                        Division of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis.

                        In animal cell the cytoplasm if between the two nuclei.

In Plant cell, a cell plate if formed between the two daughter nuclei that finally divides the cell into two daughter cells.

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 Q.D     Structured response questions

 1.    Look at the coloured spiral structure of DNA.

 

i)         Show units of DNA molecules in different colours.

Ans:    Adenine         Blue                (Colour)

            Guanine        Green             (Colour)

            Cytosine        Red                 (Colour)

            Thymine        Yellow            (Colour)

 

ii)        Explain how these units’ pair to form DNA molecules.

Ans:    Each molecule of DNA is a double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between G-C and A-T base pairs.

 

2.    Observe the stages of mitosis under the microscope through prepared permanent glass slides.

 

i)             Explain the difference in appearance of chromosomes at prophase and Telophase stage.

Ans:    Prophase:      DNA is called up tightly so chromosomes become visible.

            Telophase:    chromosomes uncoil and disappear.

 

ii)            Why chromosomes are not visible in non-dividing cell

Ans:    Because in non-dividing cell the chromosomes are not highly condensed, so they are not visible.

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 Unit – 4 BIOTECHNOLOGY

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

1.    What could be the advantages of microbes produced dyes over synthetic dyes?

Ans:          Microbes produced dues do not contain chemicals harmful to health. As such products are healthier and more reliable than the chemical synthetic dyes.

 

2.    Give the advantages of using biodegradable plastic.

Ans:          The advantages of using biodegradable plastic are:

1.    Biodegradable Plastics are easy to Re-cycle.

2.    They consume less energy during their manufacture.

3.    Reduction of carbon dioxide levels.

4.    Reduction of emission of greenhouse gas level.

 

3.    What is the significance of fermented food?

Ans:          Foods produced by fermentation process have better taste, quality, and have longer storage life.

 

4.    How biotechnology can transform the way of treating diseases?

Ans:          The ways of treating diseases using biotechnology are:

1.    Diagnosis of diseases in short time.

2.    Development of appropriate medicines.

3.    Better vaccines.

4.    Gene therapy.

 

5.    What could be the best solution to mineral deficiency in third world countries?

Ans:          The best solutions are:

1.    Use of multivitamin or mineral supplement.

2.    Education about and support for better diets.

3.    Bio fortification of food.

  

Q.C     Long Questions

 

1.    Explain how biotechnology is helping to solve issues of food shortage?

Ans:          Biotechnology helps to solve issues of food shortage by using different techniques such as Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering.

1.    Tissue Culture:

With the help of tissue culture, crop and plants give more production.

2.    Genetic Engineering:

a.    Genetic engineering is used in animals for better production of milk and meat.

Example:       @ Neeli ravi buffalo is produced for better production of milk.

                        @ Nancy sheep is produced for better meat.

b.    Genetic engineering is also used for better production of fruits and vegetables.

Example:       @ GMO Strawberry stays fresh longer.

                        @ GMO corn has more yields.

                        @ GMO kiwi with orange peel.

 

2.    What are the applications of biotechnology?

Ans:          Four major areas in which biotechnology are applied.

1.    Biotechnology in Agriculture: Biotechnology has played an important role in improving our agriculture yields. Scientists insert weed and pest resistant gene into plants. Proteins in foods may be modified to increase their nutritional qualities.

2.    Food production and Preservation: The quality of fruits and vegetation can be improved by introduction of better quality genes.

3.    Health: Identification of causes of diseases, production of medicines and correction of genetic defects etc. are the major contributions of biotechnology.

4.    Environment: Environment problems like pollution, degradation of land and sewage water are also resolved by biotechnology.

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 Q.D     Structured response questions

 1.    Think like a biotechnologist.

 

Step 1:            is done.

Step 1:            identify mushroom genes responsible for plastic breakdown.

Step 2:            Preparation of clones of genes that are responsible for plastic breakdown.

Step 3:            Insertion in Mushroom which can grow in water bodies.

 

2.    Graph shows use of insecticides and cultivation of genetically modified (GM) corn. Look at the changing trend and answer the following questions.

 

a.    What type of gene has been inserted in this corn?

Ans:    BT dene has been inserted in this corn.

 

b.    Why the use of insecticides has decreased progressively?

Ans:    Over time many pesticides have gradually lost their effectiveness because pests have developed resistance.

 

c.    Why farmer preferred genetically modified corn normal verities?

Ans:    Because GMO crops help farmers to prevent crop and food loss and control weeds. Also GMO crops have resistance to certain damaging insects.

 

d.    Give the environmental advantages of cultivation of this corn.

Ans:    BT corn reduces the need for pesticides. It increases supply of food with reduced cost and longer life.

 

3.    In 1976, Edwards Jenner inoculated a boy with cowpox virus which is considered the fist ever vaccination in human history. Cowpox material developed immunity in that boy against small pox.

 

a.    Why cowpox material provided immunity against small pox?

Ans:    Because after vaccination, the patient developed antibodies that make them immune to cowpox.

 

b.    What is the present status of small pox?

Ans:    In 1980s, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eradicated. Currently, there is no evidence of naturally occurring smallpox transmission anywhere in the world.

 

c.    Why vaccines are considered better solution against infection diseases?

Ans:    Vaccines are clever. They train our bodies into building immunity against infectious diseases, without causing the illness.

 

d.    Name diseases against which you have been vaccinated?

Ans:    Small pox, Typhoid, Covid19.

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 Unit – 5 THE PERIODIC TABLE

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

1.     

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions

 

 

 

 

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Unit – 6 CHEMICAL REACTION AND BONDING

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Unit – 7 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions

 

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 Unit – 8 FORCE AND PRESSURE

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

1.    If there are many forces acting on an object, how can the net force be ZERO?

Ans:          The net force is sum of all the force acting on an abject. It becomes ZERO when the forces are equal or cancelling each other out balancing them.

 

2.    Why stepping of high heeled shoe hurting more than a flat shoe?

Ans:          High heeled shoes transfer the force through a much smaller area causing a much greater pressure. It will hurt more if a person steps on someone’s foot in high heels that if they are wearing flat shoes.

 

3.    Explain why objects moving in fluids must have special shapes.

Ans:          Objects moving in fluids face the fluid friction. Therefore objects moving in fluids must face stream lined shapes in order to reduce fluid friction.

 

4.    Consider two identical pairs of water filled to the brim. One pail contains only water, the other has a piece of wood floating in it. Which pail has the greater weight?

Ans:          1.         The pail without the piece of wood will have greater weight.

2.         Wood in the second pail can float in water only if the weight of volume of water displayed by it, is greater than the weight of wood.

 

5.    Why does the fish float in the middle of the water?

Ans:          The trick is the swim bladder, which is basically like an air-inflated balloon that can expand and contract depending on how much gas is inside. When the swim bladder expands it will increase in volume and therefore displace more water. This increases the fish’s buoyancy and it will upward.

 

6.    Why is atmospheric pressure at the surface of Earth?

Ans:          Because due to higher strength of gravitational pull large number of atmospheric gases come closer to each other and form a denser layer, so due to formation of this denser layer the air pressure increases over the earth surface.

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

1.    What is net force? How it affect the motion of an object?

Ans:          Net force: The sum of all the forces acting on an object is called net force.

                  Formula: In N is the number of force acting on a body the net force formula is given by.

                              FNet: F1+F2+F3 ---------- FN.

                  Where,

                  F1, F2, F3 ---------- FN is the force acting in a body.

                  Net Force affects the motion of an object:

                  When the body is in rest, the net force formula is given by:

                              FNet = Fa + Fg

                  Where

                              Fa = Applied Force.

                              Fg = Gravitational Force.

            Net force when a body is in motion:

When is a force applied to the body, not only the applied force acting, there are many frictional force Fr and the normal force that balanced the other force.

            Therefore, the net force formula is given by

                        Fnet = Fa + Fg + Fr + FN

            Where

                        Fa is applied force.

                        Fg is a gravitational force.

                        Fr is a frictional force.

                        FN is a normal force.

 

2.    How is pressure related to force and area?

Ans:          Pressure:

Pressure is defined as the amount of force acting perpendicular on unit area of body.

=

Explanation: Pressure is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the area, which means of force is increased p pressure, will be increase and if force is decrease, pressure will be decreased. If acting force covers narrow area, greater pressure will be produced.

 

3.    What is buoyancy? What determines the objects to sink or float?

Ans:          Buoyancy: It is upward force exerted by a fluid that oppose the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.

                  Object to sink or float:

                  Object sinks or float due to its density, if an object is denser than water, it will sink when placed in water, and if it is less dense than water, it will float.

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 Q.D     Structured response questions

 

1.    Determine the net force on each of the objects shown below. Don’t forget to give the direction of the forces.

Ans:

 

10N – 2N = 8N

8N towards right side.

 

 

8N – 5N = 3N

3N towards right side

 

 

6N – 3N = 3N

3N towards downwards

 

 

5N – 5N + 5N = 5N

5N towards downwards

 

2.    A block of wood is floating on the surface of water as shown in figure (a). In figure (b), the same block of wood is pushed beneath the surface of the water. What will happen to the wood when the downward force in figure (b) is removed? Also draw the buoyant force in the figure.

Ans:          When the downward force on the wood in figure (b) is removed then buoyant force acts on the wood and the wood floats in the surface of water.

 

3.    The pressure inside the lungs increases and decreases with each breath. When we inhale and exhale when is the pressure in the lungs greater than atmospheric pressure and when is it lower than atmospheric pressure?

Ans:          The pressure inside the lungs increases and decreases with each breath. When we inhale and exhale. The pressure in the lungs greater than atmospheric pressure during exhalation and the pressure in the lungs lower than atmospheric pressure during inhalation.

 

4.    A submarine is a type of ship that can travel both on the surface of the water and underwater. How submarine is able to both float and sink?

Ans:          A submarine uses ballet tanks filled with compressed air and when needed air released and takes on water which increases the density making it sink but when the water is pushed out the submarine’s  density decreased making it float.

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 Unit – 9 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

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Q.B     Short Questions

 

1.    How can we see ordinary, non-luminous objects?

Ans:          Ordinary non-luminous object reflects he light falling on them and the reflected light are sensed by the eye and thus we are able to see non-luminous objects.

 

2.    Do you need a full-length mirror to see your feet at the same time? Does it depend how far you stand from the mirror?

Ans:          The minimum size of the mirror should be one half the people’s height. This is so because, in reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

                  However, your distance from the mirror doesn’t matter to see full image.

 

3.    What is the minimum number of mirrors needed to see back of your head?

Ans:          Two mirrors.

 

4.    At which position does the image and object has same magnification?

Ans:          At center of curvature.

 

5.    Can a convex mirror produce a real image of an object?

Ans:          No.

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

1.    State laws of reflection? Discuss how a plane mirror forms a virtual image?

Ans:          The law of reflection describes the behavior of the incidents and reflected rays.

First Law:     The incident ray, the reflected, ray, and the normal to the surface all lies in the same plane.

Second Law:           The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

Image Formation by Plane Mirror

When two light ways leaving the top of an object, these rays reflect from the mirror and enters the eye, to the eye, it appears that the ray originates from behind the mirror, along the dash lines. Similarly when two rays leaving the bottom of object, therefore each corresponding point on the object, there is a single corresponding point on the image. All the rays that leaves a given point on the object, no matter what angle they have when strike the mirror, appears to originate from a corresponding point on the image behind the mirror.

Picture from Book Page 129 – Figure 9.9

 

 

2.    What is white light? How is the colour of light related to reflection and absorption of light?

Ans:          White Light:             An electromagnetic radiation of all the frequencies in the visible range of the spectrum, appearing white to the eyes is called white light.

                  The Colour of the object or material is determined by the colour in light it absorbs and those it’s reflecting. And object has a colour of light that it reflects.

 

3.    Explain the image formation by convex and concave mirrors.

Ans:          Image formation by concave mirror:

                  When the object is kept at infinity:

                  When the object is placed between infinity centers of curvature:

                  Object at center of Curvature (C):

                  Object kept between the center of curvature (c) and principal Focus (F):

                  Object between principal Force (F) and Pole (P):

                  Image formation by concave mirror:

                  Object of infinity:

                  Object is kept is highly diminished in size, virtual and erect:

                 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit – 10 ELECTRICITY AND MEGNITISM

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

C

D

A

B

C

B

B

D

D

C

 

Q.B     Short Questions

 

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit – 11 TECHNOLOGY IN EVERY LIFE

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

1

2

3

4

5

C

C

C

B

B

 

Q.B     Short Questions

 

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit – 12 OUR UNIVERSE

 

EXERCISE

 

Q.A     MCQs (Choose the correct option)

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

C

A

C

A

D

B

C

B

B

C

 

Q.B     Short Questions

 

 

Q.C     Long Questions

 

 

Q.D     Structured response questions



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